Correction and Retraction Policy

JPT is committed to maintaining the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record. The journal follows relevant guidance from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) when issuing corrections, Expressions of Concern, retractions, or content-removal notices. These actions are intended to protect readers and correct the scholarly record, rather than primarily to punish authors.

1. Corrections

JPT may publish a correction when an error affects the accuracy, clarity, or interpretation of an article but does not invalidate its main findings. A Publisher Correction addresses errors introduced during editing, typesetting, metadata preparation, or publication. An Author Correction addresses errors originating from the authors.

Substantive corrections are published as separate notices linked to the original articles. The notices identify the affected article, explain the error, and specify the correction. Minor typographical or formatting errors that do not affect meaning may be corrected without a separate notice. Corrections must not be used to introduce new research results or substantially change the original conclusions.

2. Expressions of Concern

JPT may publish an Expression of Concern when credible concerns have been raised about a published article but the available evidence is inconclusive or an investigation remains ongoing. The notice identifies the article, explains the unresolved concern, and links to the original publication. It may subsequently be followed by a correction, retraction, or notice explaining that the concern has been resolved.

3. Retractions

JPT may retract an article when reliable evidence establishes that its findings are unreliable or that serious ethical or publication-integrity problems make retraction necessary. Reasons may include:

  • Fabrication, falsification, or serious manipulation of data or images.
  • A major error that makes the findings unreliable.
  • Plagiarism or serious unattributed use of intellectual material.
  • Duplicate or redundant publication without appropriate disclosure or justification.
  • Unethical research or the absence of required ethical approval or authorization.
  • Manipulated or compromised peer review.
  • Serious undisclosed competing interests that undermine the interpretation of the work.
  • Paper-mill activity or other fraudulent publication practices.
  • Serious copyright infringement.
  • Other major breaches that compromise the reliability or integrity of the article.

Retraction may result from misconduct or an honest error. The notice will distinguish between these circumstances when supported by the evidence. Retraction will not normally be used when a correction is sufficient. Authorship disputes alone will not normally justify retraction when the validity and integrity of the findings are unaffected. Authorship errors may be addressed through a correction following verification and editorial assessment, in accordance with JPT’s Authorship policy.

4. Editorial Assessment

JPT assesses concerns affecting published articles and determines whether a correction, Expression of Concern, retraction, or removal notice is necessary. Authors will normally be given an opportunity to respond, although their agreement is not required for an editorial action necessary to protect the scholarly record. Investigations and the management of competing interests during case assessment are governed by JPT’s Allegations of Misconduct policy.

5. Retraction Notices and Article Status

A retraction notice will:

  • Clearly identify the retracted article by title, authors, citation, and DOI.
  • State who is retracting the article and explain the reasons.
  • Distinguish honest error from misconduct when established.
  • Indicate the authors’ agreement or disagreement when known.
  • Be freely accessible and linked to the original article.

The original article will normally remain accessible to preserve the publication record. Its webpage and PDF will be clearly marked RETRACTED, and its DOI and bibliographic record will be retained. JPT will not silently delete or replace a retracted article.

6. Removal of Published Content

Complete removal is considered only in exceptional circumstances, such as:

  • A binding legal requirement.
  • A serious infringement of privacy or confidentiality.
  • Defamatory or otherwise unlawful content.
  • A serious and immediate safety risk that cannot reasonably be addressed through a correction, warning, or retraction notice.

When removal is necessary, an explanatory notice will remain accessible whenever legally possible. It will identify the article and explain the removal without reproducing material that must remain restricted.

7. Preservation

Post-publication notices form part of JPT’s permanent scholarly record and are preserved in accordance with its Archiving and Repository Policy.

8. Contact

Concerns about published articles may be sent to jpt@agr.unand.ac.id. Please identify the article and provide a clear explanation with supporting evidence where available.